Which of the following can amino acids be metabolized to form?

Amino acids play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways and can indeed be converted into numerous biomolecules that the body requires. Hormones are a prime example, as many hormones are derived from amino acids. For instance, the amino acid tyrosine is the precursor for several important hormones, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, while tryptophan can be converted into serotonin. This metabolic versatility underscores the significance of amino acids in hormone synthesis.

While amino acids are also involved in various biochemical processes that may lead to the production of carbohydrates and nucleotides, and while certain amino acids might be precursors for some of the vitamin D synthesis pathways, these transformations are not as direct or universally characteristic of amino acid metabolism compared to their role in hormone production. Therefore, among the options provided, hormones are undoubtedly the most directly and widely synthesized from amino acids.