What are coenzymes primarily composed of?

Coenzymes are primarily organic compounds that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions. They often serve as carriers for various functional groups or electrons during the reaction processes, effectively enhancing the overall activity of enzymes. Common examples of coenzymes include vitamins and their derivatives, such as NAD+ (derived from niacin) and coenzyme A (derived from pantothenic acid).

These molecules are distinct from proteins, as they are not themselves enzymes, but instead play a crucial supportive role in enzymatic functions. By participating in the reaction mechanism, coenzymes can facilitate transformations in substrates that would otherwise occur at a much slower rate. Their composition is generally non-protein in nature, contrasting with options that suggest they are primarily protein segments or complex carbohydrates.